The 2019-20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) is designed to provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in Rwanda. The 2019-20 RDHS is the 6th Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Rwanda since 1992, and the objective of the survey was to provide reliable estimates of fertility, use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and children, maternal and child health, adult and childhood mortality, women’s empowerment, domestic violence, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health-related issues such as smoking. It also tested for the prevalence of anemia, malaria, HIV, and selected micronutrient indicators. The information collected through the 2019-20 RDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in designing and evaluating programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.