The two socio-cultural indicators of the population considered in the Fourth Rwandan Population and Housing Census (RPHC4) are the religious affiliation and the nationality of the resident population in Rwanda in 2012. The data analysis in the present report focuses on the distribution of the resident population in relation to these key indicators, with an assessment of crosscutting variables such as area of residence, sex, age, economic activity status, marital status, education and occupation.