Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
Rwanda’s MPI complements traditional monetary poverty measures by capturing multiple, overlapping deprivations using the Alkire-Foster method. The index is based on four dimensions: Education, Health, Basic Services, and Living Standards.
Censored Headcount Ratios
Censored headcounts show the proportion of MPI-poor individuals deprived in each indicator, helping identify key drivers of poverty. The highest deprivations are in cooking fuel (29.2%) and housing materials (28.1%).
Other notable deprivations include drinking water (17.4%) and health insurance (15.1%). In contrast, lower deprivation levels are observed in school attendance (2.5%), sanitation (4.1%), and access to healthcare (8.5%).
The incidence (H) reflects the proportion of people who are multidimensionally poor. In Rwanda, the national incidence stands at 30.5%, with significantly higher levels in rural areas (36.7%) compared to urban areas (14.8%). At the provincial level, the City of Kigali has the lowest incidence (12.4%), while the Southern (35.2%) and Eastern (34.4%) provinces record the highest, followed by Western (33.5%) and Northern (28.7%).
TABLE: Table A: Incidence(H), Intensity(A) and Multidimensional Poverty Index, EICV7 (2023-24)
| Incidence (%) | Intensity (%) | MPI | |
| Rwanda | 30.5 | 44.6 | 0.136 |
| Residence area | |||
| Urban | 14.8 | 43.9 | 0.065 |
| Rural | 36.7 | 44.8 | 0.164 |
| Province | |||
| City of Kigali | 12.4 | 43 | 0.053 |
| Southern | 35.2 | 45 | 0.158 |
| Western | 33.5 | 44.6 | 0.149 |
| Northern | 28.7 | 42.9 | 0.123 |
| Eastern | 34.4 | 45.5 | 0.157 |